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阿尔泰山脉雪豹种群质量稳定向好******
今年元旦期间，新疆阿勒泰市将军山滑雪场及周边区域出现一只雌性、一只幼体两只雪豹，引起社会各界广泛关注。
“雪豹现身地为该度假区雪场金光道，海拔约1000米，雪豹被滑雪场工作人员拍摄到。”阿尔泰山国有林管理局野生动植物保护处处长马木尔别克·马看介绍，此次雪豹向山下迁徙，主要是因为2022年年底降雪量大，厚厚的积雪完全把雪线上的植被覆盖，山上的北山羊、马鹿、狍子、野兔等草食动物被迫往海拔较低的地方垂直迁徙觅食，以北山羊等动物为主要食物的雪豹也就跟着到海拔较低的地方捕食，将军山区域成为其临时停歇地。这也说明，阿尔泰山脉的雪豹种群质量正稳定向好发展。
阿尔泰山是亚洲中部横跨中国、俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦四国的大型山系之一，它是额尔齐斯河发源地，是具有全球意义的生物多样性的中心区域之一；是许多珍稀濒危动物的主要分布区；拥有从荒漠草原到冰雪带的完整山地垂直自然景观，以及数量众多的湿地、河流和湖泊。复杂的地形地貌、独特的地理区位，为各种野生动物的生存和发展提供了良好条件，是新疆野生动植物多样性最丰富的地区之一，也是连接我国天山雪豹种群与蒙古、俄罗斯以及哈萨克斯坦境内的雪豹种群之间交流的主要通道，对于全球雪豹保护至关重要。
近年来，阿尔泰山国有林管理局全面落实野生动物保护措施，不断加大阿尔泰山野生动物及其栖息地保护力度，全方位开展野生动物保护宣传，通过红外相机布设、管护员日常巡护、高山监控、道路卡口一体化监测体系等手段，建立了雪豹长期监测网络，获取了雪豹的大量数据和影像资料。2017年至今，阿尔泰山林区已发现18只雪豹，其中大部分是通过红外线相机拍摄到的。目前，当地已初步建立了雪豹长期监测网络，获取了大量数据、影像资料。仅2017年至2022年，阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区管理局在富蕴县辖区就先后拍摄到雪豹影像资料400余份。
1月5日，阿尔泰山国有林管理局、阿勒泰地区林草局和阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区管理局联合行动，针对雪豹的习性和附近地貌特点，在雪豹可能出现的活动区域内架设3台红外相机，持续监测雪豹的活动轨迹。
“在阿尔泰山脉东南部、中西部和西北部持续拍到雪豹和大量其他野生动物，说明阿尔泰山脉区域有着一个相对稳定的雪豹种群以及完整的生态系统。阿尔泰山国有林管理局将持续开展雪豹监测调查，为保护该区域的雪豹及其高山生态系统提供了重要的科学依据。”马木尔别克·马看说。
（光明日报记者 李 慧 赵明昊）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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